Oil burner



R. C. HOPKINS Jan. 27, 1931.

OIL BURNER Filed Ot. 16, 1928 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 gwuentdz f2 Cbap/zirzs Jan. 27, 1931. R. c. HOPKINS 1,789,977

OIL BURNER Filed Oct. 16, 1928 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Zlwvwntoc 12. CHap/tirzs Jan. 27, 1931. c HOPKINS 1,789,977

' OIL BURNER Filed Oct. 16 3,928 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 4s T 6A? 35 I 5 6 gwue'nfov 12. C170pfil'll Patented 2 7, 1931 ROBERT C. HOPKINS,

PATENT OFFICE OF ALLIANCE, OHIO orL BURNER Application filed October 16,1928. Serial No. 312,816.

The invention relates to liquid fuel burners of the type in which the oil or other liquid fuel is atomized within the burner by means of an air blast or other fluid pressure.

The object of the invention is to provide a burner including an atomizing barrel through which the liquid fuel is passed, means being provided for atomizing the fuel by means of spiral air blasts engaging the 10 fuel in successive chambers of the atomiz- .ing barrel and alternately rotating the same 1n oppos te directions to produce a complete fitOlIllZlltlOll.

A further object is to provide a burner of 1 .this general type in which an air blast is admitted at one side of the burner casing, a blast gate being mounted within the burner casing to regulate and control the blast of air entering the same. The above and other objects may be attained by constructing the burner in the manner illustrated in the accompanying draw: in s, in which 1 a Q 1 igure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view through the improved burner;-

, Fig. 2, a section on the line 2+2, Fig. 1, showmg the improved sliding blast gate'located within the burner housing or casing;

- Fig.3, an interior elevation of the nozzle plate;

. vided at its rear end wit Fig. 4, a longitudinal sectional -view throughthe atomizing barrel, taken upon an enlarged scale;

Fi 5, a transverse section through the atomizing barrel taken substantially on the line 5-5,Fig 4; and

- Fig.6, a similar view on the line 6-6,

Fi 4. I

. imilar numerals refer to throughout the drawings.

The burner; casing indicated 10 may be substantially c similar parts generally at lindrical and prothe end plate 11, screws 12 engaging connected thereto as by bosses 13 formed in the internally threaded the casing. ()ne'side wall of the casing inay.be .proyided, near the rear end thereof, with the air --inletopening 14 for receiving an air blast from the air line 15. A blast gate may be.

provided at this air inlet to control and regulate the air blast entering the casing.

This blast gate may be in the form of a slidable plate 16 mounted in a suitable housing 17 connected to the casing 10 as by screws 18. The blast gate is adapted to be slidably moved within the groove 19 provided there for in the housing 17. r

I For the purpose of operating this blast gate a rod 20 may be fixed thereto as by the bracket 21 and slidabl located through a suitable bore 22 in the ousing 17, the outer end thereof being provided with a handle as shown at 23.

The end plate 11 may be provided with a boss 24 through which is slidably located the oil tube 25, communicating with any suitable source of liquid fuel supply. A set screw 26 may be radiallylocated through this boss for holding the oil tube inadjusted position.

. A conical nozzle plate 27 is fixed to the forward end of the burneras by screws 28 lo-. cated through the lugs 29 and 30 on the nozzle plate and easing respectively.

- This nozzle plate is provided upon its interior with tangential vanes 31 for the purpose of swirling the air blast in a spiral as it issues from the nozzle opening 32.

' The atomizing barrel indicated generally at 33 is carried upon the forward end of the oil pipe 25' and is so constructed as to provide for a multiple stage counterswirling of air ther'ethrough for mixing the oil and air and thoroughly atomizing the oil as it passes through the several stages. 7

The rear chamber 34 communicates axially with the oil pipe 25 and is provided with the tangential openings 35 for permitting the air blast to enter and whirl clockwise therein,

posed to the openings 35 whereby the air ilar chamber 40 having the tangential openings 41 located in the same position as the openings 35, thus causing the air blast entering the same to be whirled clockwise within the chamber.

The anticlockwise whirl of air and oil from the chamber 36 will engage this counter-current and again be further broken up. This mixture will then pass through the axial opening 42, of larger diameter than the opening 39, into the last stage chamber 43 which is of considerably greater size than the other chambers and which is provided with tangential openings 44, preferably of larger diameter than those above described and positioned to cause a counter-clockwise whirl of air within the chamber.

The counter-currents of air will again engage in this chamber, still further atomizing the oil and causing the mixture of air and completely atomized oil to issue from the tapered nozzle 45 of the atomizing barrel in a rapidly whirling spiral. j

For the purpose of guiding the atomizing barrel axially-within the casing, radial pins 46 may be carried bythe barrel and slidably en aged with the interior of the casing.

norder to limit. the longitudinal movement of the barrel and oil tube within the casing, a larger tube-47 may surround the oil tube for contact with the back plate 11, and a peripheral flange 48 may be provided upon the atomizing barrel for contact with the vanes 31 or the nozzle plate 27. Heat resisting orinsulating material indicated at 47 a' may be filled in the space between the tube 25 and the 'outertube 47, rotecting the oil line in case of highly super eated air.

I In the operation of the burner the air blast is admitted from the pipe. 15 through the opening 14 to the interior of the burner casing and may be controlled and regulated by means of the blast gate. Oil enters the burner through the oil tube 25 and flows into the first 'chamber of the atomizing barrel, meeting the tangential inflow of air, causing a rapid romet by a counterflow of air, the mixture of tation of the oil and a mixture ofthe same with the air. v

A pressure is set up in this chamber by means of the inflowing air, sufiicient to drive the oil and air thus mixed into the next compartment-where the mixture thus formed is oil and air passing from one chamber to the other and being reversely rotated and further 'of air so an air blast pipe having the air and oil currents, the atomization and thorough mixing are accomplished.

It will becseen that the centrifugal force of the air currents within the several chambers of the atomizing barrel throws the oil out against the walls of the chambers, tending to break up the particles of the oil.

The spinning motion of the air and oil is continued as the mixture passes from each chamber through the reduced opening into the next chamber. This spinning motion reduced from a relatively lar e diameter to a smaller diameter has thee ect of milling or grinding the oil and causing a more intimate mixture of the oil and air.

Assuming that friction were negligible, there would be a. certain velocity from the tangential inflow of air to any one of the centrifugal force,

would be reduced and the effect would be a grinding and milling at this point, and .so

on through the several stages of the atomizing barrel.

-This successive increase and decrease of revolutions sets up'a friction between the particles of oil and the whirling currents that there is a tendencyto pulverize or grind and niix the oil particles with the air untila. complete atomization and mixture is accomplished.

As the mixture of air and oil issues in a spiral from the conical. end of the atomizing barrel it is,met which is whirlingin counterdlrection due to the vanes 31. The final sta of mixing and atomization is accomplis ed as these counterwhirling currents issue fromthe burner. I claim:

1. A liquid fuel burner including a casing, communicating with the casing, an oil tube extending into the easing, and an atomizing barrel in said casin communicating with the oil tube, said barre having annular walls therewithin forming a plurality of chambers circular in cross secand the motion would herebe reduced, that is the number of revolutions by the main air blast' tion and arranged in series, each chamber same diameter, and there being tangential openings in the chamber walls, the openings into adjacent-chambers being oppositely disposed.

, 2. A liquid fuel burner including a casing,

an air blast pipe communicating with the.

casing, an oil tube extending into the casing, and an atomizing barrel in sa1d casing communicating with the oiltube, said barrel having *annular walls therewithin forming a plurality of chambers circular in cross sec- ,tion and arranged in series, each chamber having the same diameter, said annular walls defining ports between chambers, and there being tangential openings in the chamber walls, the openings into adjacent chambers being oppositely disposed.

-' 3. A liquid fuel burner including a casing,

an air blast pipe communicating with the casing, an oil tube extending into the casing,

openings into adjacent chambersbeing oppositely disposed.

4. A liquid fuel burner including. av casing, an air blast pipe communicating with the-casing, anoil tube extending into the casing, and an atomizing barrel in said cas- U ing communicating with the oil tube, said barrefhaving walls forming a plurality of chambers circular in cross section and arranged in series, there being orifices in said walls having cross sectional areas successively increasing but less than the cross sectional area of the'chambers for communicatin the chambers with each other and th'ere eing tangential openings in the chamber walls, the openings intoadjacent chambers being oppositely dis osed. I (In [testimony that I c aim the above, .I

have hereunto subscribed my name.

' ROBERT C. HOPKINS. 

